What is the password encryption algorithm in the CMS or OS Windows?

There were two small article:

• About the password hashing algorithms in the CMS system (engine) such as Wordpres, Joomla, phpbb, vBulletin, osCommerce, DataLife Engine, IPB, and others.
• About the password hashing algorithms on different operating systems, such as Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, MacOS and other

For password encryption method also included an example of a hash.